Dish Network Dvr Expander
Salvatore D'Agostino
'AB:
A-B USO
indaga l'utilizzo di
A che si trasforma in B» qui Delle sfaccettature di A
che si trasforma in
B
ne ho parlato con Federico Zanfi autore del libro '
Città latenti
'. Una riflessione laica sull’edilizia spontanea per ripensare le città sfrangiate. Quest'intervista va integrata con una nota sul progetto di descrizione della città di Comiso, curata by Federico Zanfi with images of
Salvatore Gozzo
: 0012 [AB USE] Salvatore Gozzo purposes of soil builders. " a
This is the beginning of the editorial urbanist Astengo John wrote for the magazine Urban number 48 in December 1966.
The cover of that number did not offer an ideological loopholes. It was draped in mourning. Celebrating the death of the Italian territory.
Federico Zanfi is clear that all those issues that are more current. Landslide of Agrigento was perhaps the first, certainly the best known story in which a portion of land lack of maintenance and construction weakened by excessive exploitation, yield. In recent decades, the record of the South has been marked by too many similar cases to count them now, Giampilieri will only last for a short time in this series. In fact, these phenomena are given throughout the country, statistics show impressive figures on the number of landslides that occur every year in Italy and on the amount of land damaged by flood. Landslides are given the North and the South to a widespread neglect of the soil, but these events in the South intercept another fact, related to the topic of this conversation. They turn into tragedy, more often than elsewhere, because mudflows sweep away houses that should not be where they are, as in Sarno. The illegal building in this sense is not the cause of the collapse, or at least it is a contributory cause, but makes it more likely that the failure to become a tragedy. These events are working as spies for a few days wear on television and in newspapers on the front page a landscape in which the illegal construction was the exclusive mode or at least one of the prevailing mode of construction of the territory but not in the public debate has never really been represented. The most recent debate has been played on the Punta Perotti and few eco-monsters who have had an impressive media overexposure, and that have distracted attention from the real issue. I mean the real problem in terms of quantity. When there is a tragedy as in Sarno Giampilieri or opens a window instead of attention to a fragile landscape, inhabited and intensely at risk - the eco-monsters are all empty, however, always - but it closes soon after. There you forget. And it should start from these windows on this critical landscape reconstruction of an image update of unauthorized construction in our country.
We open the windows in our country and look at what happens behind the simplification of the word 'eco monster' and 'illegal'. For a large class of Italians prefer to circumvent the law and build illegally?
I think we can say that the media battle against the eco-monsters, led by environmental groups, has had a positive and a negative. One side has large sections of public awareness towards the issue of the landscape as a common good. Think, for example, in Bari and the thousands of people who were on the waterfront to witness and participate in the demolition of the buildings at Punta Perotti Matarrese. On the other hand, has fostered a misunderstanding led to think that the problem was that, that is, a few dozen large unfinished buildings, all empty, in beautiful landscapes, which are certainly a mess, but they are trifling when compared with the environmental and social issues that is raised by extranorma million housing units that are the fabric of much of the town common noon (there is a recent book by Paul Berdini 2
that attempts to reconstruct the estimates, however, never officially provided by the Ministry of Public Works, the total amount of housing remedied through amnesties , which are scary). Behind two-dimensional image dell'ecomostro is in fact a country that becomes so widely and anomalo, e spesso produce delle situazioni precarie e a rischio, come quella città impressionante che si vede sulle pendici del Vesuvio. Città di cui ci accorgiamo solo quando capitano fatti come a Sarno o Giampilieri. Ora, perché si costruisce così. L'abusivismo è stata una prassi consolidata negli ultimi decenni perché è stato sempre conveniente, e perché c'è stata un'implicita politica che lo ha consentito. L'abusivismo conviene ad uno stato inefficiente, che non predispone i piani di edilizia economica e popolare tempestivamente, e lascia sfogare in quei processi di autopromozione/autocostruzione delle tensioni che altrimenti si ritroverebbe magari organizzate, in square. The illegal agrees to a local political patronage, and implicitly allows control and blackmail. The illegal stature of the average Italian family, the family business, because it saves on costs because it makes the house incrementally, when has the resources, where it wants and how he wants. There are so many shiny readings on all this, since the seventies, I question the need to repeat these things. The fact is that now all these conveniences are beginning to no longer be such. First, between the state and regional roles, on the territorial government, have changed a lot with the reform of Title V of the Constitution, and you will notice when you think of the contrasts that have been very strong among many governors and the regional economy minister during the last amnesty. Second, the municipalities are unable to redevelop areas abusive, have no money, and these areas remain very poor infrastructure and services more than 20/30 years of their birth. Third, families have changed, now the home of family abuse, to be completed, for a guy with some ambition and a contemporary culture is a resource or a condemnation regressive? All these thing are changing conveniences intertwined at all levels, and I believe that the scenario will be different soon. build extra buildings in accordance with Italy is not a 'phenomenon' are given. Any city has its hidden dynamics. dynamics that can not be seen with the most critical categories and parameters planning regulations.
wishes you a layman look for not persevere with the generic interventions - often disastrous - dictated by the emergency or amnesties.
"Building reckless in disregard of the nature - says Peter De Paola President of the Council of the Order of geologists - has ruined the land, making it fragile and dangerous. In fact, you often see in big cities, but is occurring in small ruined by the worst. Turning to the municipalities with fewer inhabitants not repent a semblance of planning, and often are ignored the mapping of risk areas. All this has made it difficult if not impossible to manage the hazard zones, which have proliferated in the territory
.
lay observer means to analyze the complexity of the city, avoiding pre-established categories of analysis.
Because, as you claim, "if we reflect on how this city is probably the largest joint project ever in our country, a place which, the paucity of references to the disciplinary points, we know rather little. Habitat from the construction of which a democratic architecture and urbanism sono state progressivamente emarginate – smentite nelle loro previsioni – e che oggi continua inspiegabilmente a non ricevere la loro attenzione
» . 4
Quali criteri suggerisci per analizzare e intervenire in questi tessuti collettivi condivisi e costruiti – per paradosso - democraticamente?
Si possono dire due cose, una su come si guarda, e una come si interviene.
La prima è che lo sguardo attraverso cui si è osservata la città abusiva, e questo vale soprattutto per gli urbanisti, è sempre been affected by some of the prejudices which prevented to see things for what they were. The lens through which lawlessness and speculation has always looked at people in a sense crushed the differences, then preventing the projects to take on local contexts. Today, looking back to these places we endeavor to bring out the differences, because quite similar buildings resulted in very different tissues depending on the developments. Urbanized coastlines and countryside, urban settlements in the valley, are characterized by specific problems in which opportunities to withdraw are closely related to these local differences, these latent resources that a soil a given ecosystem, a condition of settlement can allow. Let me be clear, this type of look is not exculpatory, the trial against these rapacious forms of urbanization should still remain very hard, but things should look closely for what they are, without a preliminary argument to prove at all costs. Only then we realize those 'details' that is a local resource on which to leverage a transformation project realistic.
The second thing is that to be effective in these contexts is necessary to reactivate a new form of individualistic mobilization, which is explicit and virtuous. This might not seem like heresy, but we can draw all the best hypothesis intervention, but if we fail to mobilize a critical mass of families in those houses have increasingly unsaleable assets substantial parts of their savings, our project will remain marginal. In this sense, a project to illegal now must find a way to unwind in some of the dynamics and transformation processes that damage to some extent already in the territories, and that we can recognize as its strategy, to pursue and address. City latent tries to summarize the work three grooves, which are close to the emergent processes of accountability, infrastructure spontaneous adjustment, and under-utilization and abandonment that are given today in the city improperly. Becomes crucial be able to interpret these trends in design strategies, even if you want to 'force' a little reality, and find the levers and incentives which make that move those who today live in this city toward shared goals and sustainable environmental and Financial.
serves more than three basic misconceptions:
1. any waiver on a national scale leaves unresolved the relationship between the civic space - considered non-city - and its inhabitants;
2. spaces squatter - branded as anti-city - have urban identity;
3. the songs are not abusive city ghost town.
are three difficult issues, which I try to answer aa points, perhaps easier.
1. The amnesty, the way he has implemented so far, on a national scale, it leaves unresolved the question of what you call 'civic space' misuse of the city in two ways.
First, by the time the abusive individual owner adheres to the regularization procedure, that person has every reason to demand infrastructure, and to believe that the responsibility of the space outside of his fence is not his private, but both the public entity that prepared the mechanism of the amnesty. Person who should take action to rehabilitate no man's land through a recovery plan. It is a process that relieves the individual, who acts as a disincentive to care for the outside space, leaving the question of the residual space between the fences outside of his responsibility. Secondly, and is the most known and obvious, the amnesty permanently leaves unresolved the issue of urban renewal because there are no resources to address it in the manner prescribed by law. The resources were never there to tell the truth: there is a huge deficit between the revenue from the amnesty and the costs of urbanization made retrospectively from the first amnesty, in the second half of the eighties. The Waiver is a matter only for the government promoting it, but the implementation of urban renewal plans, at the expense of local authorities (they receive from the proceeds of the amnesty only the part of infrastructure costs not paid at the time of the building without authorization), translates into an expenditure unsustainable. Making the infrastructure (infrastructure as traditional and rigid lattice) inside a city that not only is there, but that is often grown in a disorderly manner, is an intractable for most of the municipalities, not only in the South. The result is that recovery will not do, or do you share in modest, so that decades later these places serving an impressive poverty their open space.
2 and 3. My opinion on this point is that in these parts of the city still reside energy is not exhausted, and quality have not yet cleared. Their generative processes of molecular and unfinished, then, are a resource and a specificity that distinguishes this type of urbanization of the suburbs more "generic" that swept in recent decades throughout the western world. There are opportunities in short, if one knows the view, resources to be reactivated, which are currently dormant. This is not meant to be in no way a reading acquittal or lenient toward illegal, mind you. It is an interpretation that contains a project that takes those houses and those territories as places where the opportunities lie, to be put to the test with a project. It is also a response to those positions, which I think is too simplistic to dismiss the city as a form of abuse degenerate to delete everywhere. think that 'ghost town ' is the title that the publisher had proposed to me at first. But we had not understood, the book will just make it clear that there is no ghost, there is nothing invisible: these places are the horizon of our everyday landscape. What is the altitude from the southern city that was built by illegal? We can say that it is a ghost, or is invisible? Let's say that there are very specific local situations, ranging look at, interpret and plan for what they are, without prejudice or general labels. Ghosts will become if nothing is done, if you let the energy vanish and that these landscapes will follow a gradual drift towards marginalization. How many places have many stories and tell us some stories also collected in the book.
The book suggests three guidelines for the design of the hidden city. What are they?
If at the level of disciplinary culture and administrative culture, we can overcome misunderstandings of the three we talked about, then we can think of a different progetto e a una diversa politica pubblica per la città abusiva. Città latenti si sforza di definire tre tracce di lavoro, che si possono intendere come le tre strategie di una possibile e rinnovata politica per queste forme di città. Sono tre discorsi progettuali, che stanno a ridosso di tre tendenze già rintracciabili nelle pratiche, e che intendono intensificare queste predisposizioni. Intendono utilizzare le energie disponibili e gli andamenti già spontaneamente assunti dai territori come risorse da indirizzare verso esiti condivisi e sostenibili.
La prima visione progettuale è quella di una città abusiva che diventa città, anche e soprattutto nell'immaginario collettivo, grazie ad una responsabilizzazione progressiva di chi la abita e ad una rigenerazione dei propri beni comuni che non passa più attraverso un meccanismo paternalistico e difettoso come il Condono, ma attraverso dei programmi di riqualificazione partecipati. È già una tendenza che si riscontra dove la percezione del fallimento dell'azione individuale da parte degli abitanti sta facendo maturare un senso di responsabilità e alcune azioni comuni tese alla costruzione di una dimensione collettiva che non è mai esistita, ma che oggi è più che necessaria. L'esperienza dei Consorzi di Autorecupero e dei Toponimi avviata dal Comune di Roma è un buon esempio in tal senso. La seconda visione riguarda una città abusiva che si aggiusta molecolarmente, che si migliora grazie ad un sistema diffuso di componentistica tecnologica e ambientale che si attua sugli edifici ma soprattutto nello spazio vuoto tra le case, lo spazio più abbandonato e trascurato. Una nuova generazione di infrastrutture, di promozione privata e consortile, che recupera il deficit infrastrutturale che questi territori scontano abbandonando un'insostenibile idea di rete pubblica, rigida e capillare, che raggiunge ogni casa, e mettendo al lavoro nuovi dispositivi ecologici ed energetici. Una strategia, in estrema sintesi, che considera una città in cui ci sono le case, ma non le reti tecnologiche e sanitarie, come un potenziale laboratorio per la sperimentazione di infrastrutture non pubbliche, non gerarchiche, non-rigid, downstream of the failures of the seasons of "urban renewal" of the past decades. All this requires a conscious institutional framework and policy incentives at the local level, as the Salento has tried to do with her PTCP. The final vision is unfair that a city dissolves into the landscape, which is deleted in its segments and underused disqualified due to a system that consists of new techniques and incentives, taking advantage of processes that begin to emerge disposal widely. It is able to take this opportunity to offer these processes of abandonment and target design viewpoint, recognizing that the removal of this city will be showing his muscles like the rare, often failing demolitions have tried to do, but rather how to interpret the acquired rights - when these houses are already forgiven and is a frequent case - can be made to migrate, move to areas of concentration and re- , freeing up more incongruous building, abandoned and expired portions of land to be returned to nature and its processes. Three visions consciously simplified, trying to point out and distinguish, even though the territory is often intertwined processes are given, in coexistence. In that sense I believe it is not conceivable to act only on one aspect of the three I listed: an effective policy - I guess I built a regional and provincial level, since the national and municipal level are respectively too far and too close to be able to handle the specific characteristics of these formations character supra - will include all three, and try to answer through a combination of these three trajectories of transformation to the need to project that the city today expresses abusive.
January 17, 2011
Intersections ---> AB USE
Using WA
------------------------------------ ----- ---------- What
WA
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Notes: 1
John Abstaining, after July 19, Urban No 48 December 1966
2
Berdini Paul, Building A brief history of abuse in Italy, Donzelli, 2010 Link
3 Daniel Autieri, geologists, professionals in the trenches to meet a ruined country, La Repubblica, October 11, 2010 Link
4 Zanfi Frederick City, latent, Bruno Mondadori, Milan, 2008, p. 67
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